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Superior pharyngeal constrictor function10/2/2023 ![]() The Sphincteric Mechanism of Velopharyngeal Closure. Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Passavant’s Ridge: Is It a Functional Structure? Ear Nose Throat J. For example, a group from the Netherlands found that the mean dose to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the supraglottic larynx were each. Intraindividual Change in the Occurrence of Passavant’s Ridge due to Change in Velopharyngeal Sphincter Function: A Videofluoroscopic Study. According to Casey (1983), the superior pharyngeal constrictor. Nasopharyngeal Profile and Velopharyngeal Valve Mechanism. the buccinator, along with masseter and pterygoid muscles, plays a role during masti- cation. 46: 1-32 (1868)Ģ. Finkelstein YMD, Lerner MAMD, Ophir DMD, Nachmani AMA, Hauben DJMD, Zohar YMD. : Uber die Verschlie~ungdesSchlundesbeim Sprechen.Virchows Arch. Some patients with a marked deficiency in the velar component of velopharyngeal closure will exhibit an apparent compensatory increase in the movement of the pharyngeal component of closure, which in some cases can manifest as a development of Passavant's ridge.More specifically, the nucleus ambiguus in the reticular formation is part of the swallowing center, and it is responsible for generating general somatic efferent signals. They showed that some individuals have more lateral pharyngeal wall motion than others, some have Passavant’s ridge, and that this variability of movement is true for both people with VPI and with normal velopharyngeal function. The pharyngeal phase is under autonomic control of the swallowing center located in the lower pons and medulla oblongata of the brainstem.argued that velopharyngeal competence relies on sphincteric movement with both velar and pharyngeal components Some argue the ridge is too low, too slow, too inconsistent, and too easily fatigued to be of essential importance in the normal speech mechanism 5,6.The contribution of Passavant's ridge to velopharyngeal insufficiency is debated.May aid in preventing reflux of oropharyngeal contents into the nasopharynx 4.Thought to be of significance in patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency as a possible compensatory mechanism 3.Estimated to be present in approximately 11-30% of normal patients and approximately 9-41% of patients with cleft palate 2.Formed by superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle fibers creating a transverse fold/protrusion of tissue approximately ~5mm.First described by Gustav Passavant in a cleft patient as an anterior displacement of the posterior pharyngeal wall contributing to velopharyngeal function 1. ![]() The muscle is described in Grey’s Anatomy text as a large quadrilateral muscle that arises from four heads of origin (see Figure 1). ![]() See Velopharyngeal Diagnostics, Cleft Lip and Palate Protocols The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is an unusual skeletal muscle in that it is very dynamic and complex in function.
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